What function does a layer 3 switch perform in network systems?

A layer 3 switch primarily performs routing functions based on IP addresses. This capability allows it to analyze incoming packets not just by their MAC addresses (like a layer 2 switch would), but also by examining their destination and source IP addresses. This enables layer 3 switches to determine how to forward packets across different networks or subnets.

Unlike traditional switches that connect devices within the same local area network (LAN) by switching data frames, layer 3 switches process data at the network layer and can make forwarding decisions based on logical addressing, leading to improved efficiency and flexibility in larger network architectures. They enable inter-VLAN routing, which allows communication between different VLANs without needing a separate router, thereby simplifying network design and reducing latency.

While connecting different types of networks is one aspect of networking, the specific routing function defined in the correct response highlights why layer 3 switches are essential in modern network systems, especially in environments that require high performance and scalability.